Pronunciation
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pronunciation:
see phoneticsphonetics, study of the sounds of languages from three basic points of view. Phonetics studies speech sounds according to their production in the vocal organs (articulatory phonetics), their physical properties (acoustic phonetics), or their effect on the ear (auditory
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Audio pronunciation. How to say audio. Listen to the audio pronunciation in English.
; phonologyPronunciation Audio
phonology,study of the sound systems of languages. It is distinguished from phonetics, which is the study of the production, perception, and physical properties of speech sounds; phonology attempts to account for how they are combined, organized, and convey meaning in
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. See also the Pronunciation Keyfor the symbols used in pronunciations in this encyclopedia.Pronunciation
Syllables are separated by dash or followed single quote or back quote. Single quote means the preceding syllable is stressed (louder), back quote follows a syllable with intermediate stress (slightly louder), otherwise all syllables are equally stressed.
Consonants are pronounced as in English but note:
ch soft, as in 'church' g hard, as in 'got' gh aspirated g+h of 'bughouse' or 'ragheap' j voiced, as in 'judge' kh guttural of 'loch' or 'l'chaim' s unvoiced, as in 'pass' zh as 's' in 'pleasure'
Uppercase letters are pronounced as their English letter names; thus (for example) /H-L-L/ is equivalent to /aych el el/. /Z/ is pronounced /zee/ in the US and /zed/ in the UK (elsewhere?).
Vowels are represented as follows:
a back, that ah father, palm (see note) ar far, mark aw flaw, caught ay bake, rain e less, men ee easy, ski eir their, software i trip, hit i: life, sky o block, stock (see note) oh flow, sew oo loot, through or more, door ow out, how oy boy, coin uh but, some u put, foot *r fur, insert (only in stressed syllables; otherwise use just 'r') y yet, young yoo few, chew [y]oo /oo/ with optional fronting as in `news' (/nooz/ or /nyooz/)
A /*/ is used for the `schwa' sound of unstressed or occluded vowels (often written with an upside-down `e'). The schwa vowel is omitted in unstressed syllables containing vocalic l, m, n or r; that is, 'kitten' and 'colour' would be rendered /kit'n/ and /kuhl'r/, not /kit'*n/ and /kuhl'*r/.
The above table reflects mainly distinctions found in standard American English (that is, the neutral dialect spoken by TV network announcers and typical of educated speech in the Upper Midwest, Chicago, Minneapolis/St.Paul and Philadelphia). However, we separate /o/ from /ah/, which tend to merge in standard American. This may help readers accustomed to accents resembling British Received Pronunciation.
Entries with a pronunciation of `//' are written-only.
Pronunciation Generator
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Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ('correct pronunciation') or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language.
Contested or widely mispronounced words are typically verified by the sources from which they originate, such as names of cities and towns or the word GIF (Graphics Interchange Format). [1]
A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the duration of the cultural exposure of their childhood, the location of their current residence, speech or voice disorders,[2] their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.[3]
Linguistic terminology[edit]
Syllables are counted as units of sound (phones) that they use in their language. The branch of linguistics which studies these units of sound is phonetics. Phones which play the same role are grouped together into classes called phonemes; the study of these is phonemics or phonematics or phonology. Phones as components of articulation are usually described using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).[4]
See also[edit]
- Help:IPA/English — the principal key used in Wikipedia articles to transcribe the pronunciation of English words
- Help:Pronunciation respelling key — a secondary key for pronunciation which mimics English orthography
References[edit]
- ^https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-22620473
- ^Beech, John R.; Harding, Leonora; Hilton-Jones, Diana (1993). 'Assessment of Articulation and Phonology'. In Grunwell, Pam (ed.). Assessment in Speech and Language Therapy. CUP Archive. p. 55. ISBN0-415-07882-2.
- ^Paulston, Christina Bratt; Tucker, G. Richard (February 14, 2003). 'Some Sociolinguistic Principles'. In Labov, William (ed.). Sociolinguistics: The Essential Readings. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 234–250. ISBN0-631-22717-2.
- ^Schultz, Tanja (June 12, 2006). 'Language Characteristics'. In Kirchhoff, Katrin (ed.). Multilingual Speech Processing. Elsevier. p. 12. ISBN0-12-088501-8.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Pronunciation at Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of pronunciation at Wiktionary